1910年4月23日，美國前總統西奧多‧羅斯福在巴黎索邦大學發表〈共和國中的公民身分〉演說。這篇長篇演說最被後世津津樂道的，正是那段被稱為“The Man in the Arena”（競技場中的人）的文字： “It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs, who comes short again and again, because there is no effort without error and shortcoming; but who does actually strive to do the deeds; who knows great enthusiasms, the great devotions; who spends himself in a worthy cause; who at the best knows in the end the triumph of high achievement, and who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who neither know victory nor defeat.” 真正重要的不是批評者；不是那指出強者跌倒之處、或告訴行事者本可做得更好的人。榮耀屬於真正身處競技場的人——他臉上沾滿塵土、汗水與鮮血；他英勇奮戰；他犯錯，也一次次失敗，因為沒有努力就沒有錯誤與缺點；然而他確實奮力去做；他體驗過強烈的熱情與投入，把自己奉獻給值得的事業；若他成功，終能...